Cai luong originated in the Mekong River delta. It is sometimes said that if tuong is characterised by royal court, and cheo is popular in the countryside, the cai luong has urban feature. In comparison with cheo and tuong, cai luong is a new type of theatre. The most popular ones include Son Hau, Dao Phi Phung, Tam Nu Do Vuong, Trung Nu Vuong and Ngheu So Oc Hen. There are about 500 classical tuong plays. Mountains, hills, rivers, dawn, twilight, horse riding and battle fields, are all presented on stage by using a minimum of accessories and technical equipment. Thanks to the stylised, symbolism gestures used by the actors, and a good deal of imagination on behalf of the spectators, the scenery is very simple. Space and time are presented through the words of the songs, dancing gestures and simple stage instrument. The tuong play consists of dances, songs, and music which are all highly stylised, conventional and imbued with symbolism. The tuong theatre was formed in the 12th century, and in the 17th century it was very much in vogue. It also has the Cheo Club in Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Hai Ba Trung District. Ha Noi has Grand Cheo Theatre located in Kim Ma street, Ba Dinh District. The national cheo repertoire includes among others Truong Vien, Kim Nhan, Luu Binh - Duong Le, and Quan Am Thi Kinh, which are considered treasures of the traditional stage. The clowns present a comic portrayal of social life, with ridiculous and satirical words and gestures they reduce the audience to tears of laughter. The clown in a cheo play seems to be a supporting role, but actually he or she is very important to the performance.
The sound of the cheo drum has a magical power and upon hearing, villagers cannot resist coming to see the play.
The words of the play are imbued with the lyricism of folk songs, proverbs and popular sayings.Ī cheo play could be put on stage in a large theatre, but it also could be performed successfully on one or two bed mast spread in the middle of a communal house with a cast of only three: a hero, a heroine and a clown. There is a close interchange between the performers and the spectators. Cheo is an original synthesis of folk songs, dance, and narration.
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